Index 373

efficacy objectives, 62–63

electrocardiogram (ECG), 188

elements, 24, 27–28

elimination constant rate, 282

engineering, 18

enzyme levels, 125–128

Epi Info, 59

epidemiological research, 1, 9–12

epidemiology, 191, 291–298

Epidemiology for Dummies (Mitra), 92

equal variance, 143

equations, 15, 24–25, 35–36

error, 78

estimate value, 242

estimation theory, 10

event status variable, 337

evidence levels, 91

Excel (Microsoft)

for data collection, 103, 105, 107–110

functions of, 57

for log-rank tests, 319–320

for randomization, 67

for straight-line regression, 217

for survival regression, 343

exclusion, 74

exclusion criteria, 64

expected count, 164

expected survival, 329, 331, 343–346

experimental research, 61, 88–90, 97–98

experiments, 1, 9–10, 91

expert opinion, 91

explicit constants, 17

exploratory analysis, 294

exploratory efficacy objective, 63

exploratory objectives, 62–63

exponential distribution, 356

exponential increase, 277

exponentiating, 21

exposure, 83, 175, 178, 193, 292

extrapolation, 108

F

F ratio, 152

F statistic, 228. 242

F value (value of F statistic), 155

factorials, 22

failure times, 356–357

fasting glucose values, 25–26, 153

fat intake, 92–93

FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 71

first quartile, 222

Fisher, Ronald Aylmer (biostatistician), 196

Fisher Exact test, 11, 13, 169–172

Fisher F distribution, 152, 359–360

Fisher z transformation, 204–205

fleas, 7

floating point numbers, 107

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 71

formulas

building blocks of, 17

creating, 11–12

definition of, 15

introduction to, 1–2, 7–8

types of, 16, 24

forward stepwise approach, 294–295

fourfold tables, 11, 173–178, 184, 187–188

fractional numbers, 107

free software, 58–60

free-text data, 103

frequency bar charts, 113

frequency distribution, 47–48

functions, 23

G

gamma-ray radiation, 251–256, 260–263, 267,

337–338

Gaussian distribution, 353

generalized linear model (GLM), 272–278

genetics, 1

geometric mean (GM), 118–119